8. Cross-cutting Concepts¶

8.1 Error Handling¶

Scenario	Handling
Malformed header (non-integer R or C)	Undefined — kata assumes well-formed input.
Grid row shorter than declared column count	Undefined — kata assumes well-formed input.
Empty stdin	Parser returns empty vector; no output is produced.

The kata specifies valid input only. No defensive error handling is required beyond graceful termination on 0 0.

No logging is required. The application is a batch console tool with no persistent state or operational monitoring needs.

Each component exposes a pure function interface, making unit testing straightforward without I/O mocking:

Component	Testable unit
Input Parser	`parseFields(istream&)` — pass a `stringstream` in tests.
Field Processor	`processField(Field&)` — pass a `Field` struct directly.
Output Formatter	`printField(ostream&, Field, int)` — capture output via `ostringstream`.